Floccin™ for Metals Removal Beats Hydroxide Precipitation Hands Down

The traditional approach for metals removal is Hydroxide Precipitation where the solubility for the metals changes to insoluble (precipitation) in the form of a metal Hydroxide as the pH increases.

The common pH range for this is between 10-11 pH depending on the metal.  Lime (calcium hydroxide or CAOH2), caustic (sodium hydroxide or NAOH) or magnesium hydroxide (MgOH2) are generally the chemicals of choice as the hydroxide ion source.  The process uses a rapid mix to add the hydroxide source and usually an anionic flocculant to help as a settling aid and sludge conditioner.

The problems with this technology are:

  • Large volumes of sludge production
  • Inability of the metal hydroxide to become sufficiently insoluble if chelating or surfactants are in the water
  • Unstable treated metal levels especially if the influent is highly variable.

The quantity of sludge is directly proportional to the amount of hydroxide source added.  This can range from 500 to 3,000 ppm by weight and yields 4 times this weight in sludge addition assuming a 25% dry sludge cake.

The dewatered sludge is then classified by its leachable metals following the EPA TCLP/STLC testing protocols where hydroxide sludge most often leach their heavy metals and are therefore classified as hazardous.

Additional problems are in the form of…click here to continue reading Floccin™ for Metals Removal Beats Hydroxide Precipitation Hands Down…

The traditional approach for metals removal is Hydroxide Precipitation where the solubility for the metals changes to insoluble (precipitation) in the form of a metal Hydroxide as the pH increases.

The common pH range for this is between 10-11 pH depending on the metal. Lime (calcium hydroxide or CAOH2), caustic (sodium hydroxide or NAOH) or magnesium hydroxide (MgOH2) are generally the chemicals of choice as the hydroxide ion source. The process uses a rapid mix to add the hydroxide source and usually an anionic flocculant to help as a settling aid and sludge conditioner.

The problems with this technology are:

  • Large volumes of sludge production
  • Inability of the metal hydroxide to become sufficiently insoluble if chelating or surfactants are in the water
  • Unstable treated metal levels especially if the influent is highly variable.

The quantity of sludge is directly proportional to the amount of hydroxide source added. This can range from 500 to 3,000 ppm by weight and yields 4 times this weight in sludge addition assuming a 25% dry sludge cake.

The dewatered sludge is then classified by its leachable metals following the EPA TCLP/STLC testing protocols where hydroxide sludge most often leach their heavy metals and are therefore classified as hazardous.

Additional problem are in the form of

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Sludge Dewatering

Today we’d like to talk a little bit about sludge dewatering.

At its core industrial waste water treatment is a simple concept, treating the water generated as “waste” during an industrial process and ending up with water and dewatered sludge or solids that meets discharge requirements, and discharging it, rinse, repeat.

The same holds true for municipal processes only the waste water is sewage or city effluent. Integrated Engineers focuses on industrial waste water treatment profit maximization, industrial waste water treatment equipment, waste water chemicals and waste water engineering for all industrial waste water treatment industries.

So the motive for waste water treatment at all originally was meeting discharge requirements. Water was plentiful and cheap, and waste water treatment was probably considered more of a hassle than anything.

But different thinking started to take hold. What if we could use that water again? What if we could reclaim the solids, metals, pulp or whatever else was in the “waste” water? What if, we could do this profitably? Or better yet, do this, increase profit, and at the same time benefit us all?

Off track a bit here, but waste water treatment is really a simple process of reuse, not disposal. This is the thinking that is changing the way manufacturing occurs, and very profitably and potentially sustainably.

The more we can reuse, the more we profit, the more we boost the economy, the more we produce, the more we profit and so on. The paradigm is shifting away from thinking of waste water as waste at all, and toward thinking of all steps or links in the industrial waste water treatment process as a potential profit boosting step ultimately arriving at reusable raw materials and water, waste water recycling and reuse.

So in the five steps of waste water treatment sludge dewatering is last, pH adjustment, chemicals addition, liquid solids separation, biological steps with or without liquid solids separation, and then finally sludge dewatering. These steps vary depending on your industry and needs, but the essence of the process is the same, some steps skipped, some possibly more involved.

For the purposes of this article we start with sludge and wind up up with dewatered sludge cake and water, the process known as sludge dewatering logically enough. The more water you remove, the more you profit whether you are reclaiming constituents from your sludge or paying tipping fees to dispose of the sludge, or both. Water is heavy, the drier the dewatered sludge the less you pay.

Sludge dewatering technology takes different forms for municipal and industrial applications. Sludge reuse for industrial is more common than for municipal. Dewatering treatment usually uses specialized sludge dewatering equipment.

Dewatering sewage and municipal sludge usually differs from industrial sludge in that it is not unusual to simply dry out sewage sludge for disposal using the sun, solar sludge drying, or actually using a rotating sludge dryer with oven capabilities for sludge drying. Dewatering of activated sludge, the treatment of activated sludge and sewage sludge or any other kind of sludge winds up ready for sludge dewatering at some point if the process is at all geared toward profitability.

The industrial treatment of sludge can involve various types of sludge dewatering equipment such a dewatering presses and rotary screens. A sludge clarifier can be used in sludge treatment dewatering which is really a fancy uncommon name for settling tank.

A sludge dewatering plant, dewatering plants or sludge treatment plant performs this operation exclusively though here we are discussing sludge dewatering as it applies as the last step in industrial waste water treatment.

Depending on the sludge dewatering equipment and your industry the dewatering process and sludge systems can vary, but boil down to physically squeezing the water out of the sludge or spinning the sludge and using the centrifigal force to remove the water, or both.

The bottom line is that you can increase your profits by improving your sludge dewatering process. Using the proper sludge dewatering equipments  and sludge systems make a huge difference, the right equipment and correct wastewater engineering. Let us show you how…

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